Adverse Advantage An analysis of the Underground Mans ideas - Literature Essay Samples

Armed with a view that strongly opposes the ideas presented by rational egoism, Fyodor Dostoevsky conducts an all-out assault against the theory in his 1864 novella, Notes from Underground. The narrator is a sick, pessimistic man who remains nameless throughout the course of his ranting. Without any recognizable respect for his own health and well being out of pure spite, he is the perfect character to illustrate Dostoevskys argument against the theory of rational egoism. The narrator decides upon actions that may directly oppose his true interests for the sole reason of proving that he is an unpredictable man who enjoys his own free will and ability to make voluntary decisions of his own, without being restrained by the ideas of rationality and reason.A particular advantage is revealed in the narrators philosophical ranting that describes mans ability to decide to act in an unpredictable manner. The narrator challenges the definition of advantage, saying, What is advantage? Will you take it upon yourself to define with absolute precision what constitutes mans advantage? (Dostoevsky 15), and continues by introducing his idea of an overlooked advantage that is so important that all the other advantages rely upon it. He describes this masochistic advantage, questioning And what if it turns out that mans advantage sometimes not only may, but even must in certain circumstances, consist precisely in his desiring something harmful to himself instead of something advantageous? (15). This abnormal advantage refers to an individuals freedom, the ability to choose, when given multiple options, a detrimental course of action over a more favorable option with the intention that one may demonstrate their free will, in order to express that they are unpredictable and refuse to be easily categorized and stereotyped by others. The common, clichÃÆ'Â ©d desires such as prosperity, wealth, freedom, and peace (15) cannot possibly describe the complex needs of the human mind, and if there was a way to study desires in such a complex method, it would severely limit the feeling of free will and personality that an individual possesses, as the narrator states:Well, after all, what if someday they really do discover the formula for all our desires and whims, that is, the thing that governs them, precise laws that produce them, how exactly theyre applied, where they lead in each and every case, and so on and so forth, that is, the genuine mathematical formula-why, then all at once man might stop desiring, yes, indeed, he probably would. Who would want to desire according to some table? (19)When physiological science starts to break down what affects the human condition, people lose their feeling of freedom, and will act in any self-destructive way in order to preserve what free will they have left. Speaking on this subject, the narrator claims that If you say one can also calculate all this according to a table, this chaos and darkness, these curses, so that the mere possibility of calculating it all in advance would stop everything and that reason alone would prevail-in that case man would go insane deliberately in order not to have reason, but to have his own way! (22). The mathematic properties that have been set as law are restraining peoples free will, and people will go crazy just to retain it. The narrator describes this in his two times two analogy, But gentlemen, what sort of free choice will there be when it comes down to tables and arithmetic, when all thats left is two times two makes four? Two times two makes four even without my will. Is that what you call free choice? (23).In order to demonstrate his discretion and unpredictable nature, the narrator suddenly bewilders his audience by announcing that what he stated before had been nothing more than a poor attempt at a joke. He states, Gentlemen, Im joking of course, and I myself know that its not a very good joke; but, after all, you cant take everything as a joke (23). It is not known exactly how much information he had been joking about, possibly the two previous chapters, four chapters, or the entire work. It can even be speculated that the narrator was never actually joking, but isnt confident enough to admit to the claims that he has made. Either way, his shot at humor, though hard to understand, humanizes him; and it exhibits yet another contradicting statement.The narrator leads into another confusing announcement when he proclaims Why, heres what would be better: if I myself were to believe even a fraction of everything Ive written. I swear to you, gentlemen, that I dont believe one word, not one little word of all that Ive scribbled. That is, I do believe it, perhaps, but at the very same time, I dont know why, I feel and suspect that Im lying like a trooper. (27). By combining this with the previously mentioned joke statement, and assuming that both statements are meant literally, they create a double negative, canceling each other out. This r everses everything that he has claimed. Why would he do this? Would this be no more than another example of the advantage he previously described? Is this his self- sabotaging method of being unpredictable? Without jumping to conclusions, a following passage illustrates how the narrator believes a reader might react to his writings. In it, he includes, from a readers perspective, Theres some truth in you, too, but no chastity; out of the pettiest vanity you bring your truth out into the open, into the marketplace, and you shame it You really want to say something, but you conceal your final word out of fear because you lack the resolve to utter it; you have only cowardly impudence (27). By now, the narrator may seem that he is cowardly in coming out and saying exactly what he wants to, and instead dances around it by distracting his audience with statements to detract from the serious nature of his arguments, and the readers response only furthers that theory. Through this interpret ation, the previous areas where the narrator proclaims that he is either joking or lying are rendered meaningless. So why would he include statements to intentionally mislead the reader? For no other reason than to demonstrate his free will. All that he writes are his, and only his, writings and he is free to do whatever he pleases with them. If he wants to deliberately include passages that contradict what he has already stated, he may do so. This freedom he shows in his writing is directly related to his idea of the free will advantage that he deems so important. Obviously, just the fact that the narrator includes such a response to his writing within his argument proves this to be correct.There is a popular phrase that states The ends justify the means, an excuse used often by individuals whose motives may be questioned. Through his method of writing, the narrator renders this phrase ineffective, while raising a question of the phrase itself. Why do the means even have to be just ified at all? The narrator shows that he can decide upon actions that may oppose his interests to prove that he is an unpredictable man with a free will and ability to make voluntary decisions of his own, without the need to justify them with reason.Works CitedDostoevsky, Fyodor. Notes From Underground. New York: Norton, 1989.

How to Use the French Preposition Entre

The French preposition entre means between, both literally and figuratively, or among and is used in many expressions.  Learn how to say briefly, tipsy, at dusk, and more with some  of the expressions  below using entre. Be careful not to confuse the preposition  entre  with the verb  entrer,  which means to enter; the two words  are unrelated.   Common Uses of Entre   Ã‚  Ã‚  Mettez une espace entre ces mots.Put a space between these words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cela devrait à ªtre entre parenthà ¨ses.That should be in parentheses.   Ã‚  entre deux portesbriefly   Ã‚  Ã‚  entre chien et loupat twilight/dusk   Ã‚  Ã‚  Entre toi et moi..., Entre nous...Between you and me..., Between us...   Ã‚  Le livre est entre ses mains.The book is in his hands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Entre le 2 et le 5 mai...Between 2nd and 5th of May...   Ã‚  La và ©rità © est entre les deux. (saying)The truth is somewhere in between.   Ã‚  sentendre entre euxto have a mutual understanding/agreement   Ã‚  Ãƒ ªtre entre deux vinsto be tipsy When Entre  means among   Ã‚  Ãƒ ªtre entre nousto be among friends, between us  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Jai trouvà © une jolie bague entre le bric-à  -brac.I found a pretty ring among the bric-a-brac.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Mes à ©tudiants, entre autres, vont...My students, among others, are going...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Beaucoup dentre vous...Many among you...   Ã‚  Les loups ne se mangent pas entre eux.There is honor among thieves.

The First Amendment Of The United States Essay - 1322 Words

The first amendment to the U.S. Constitution states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Supreme Court has been inconsistent in the application of these sometimes conflicting requirements. At times, the Court takes a separationist position, erecting a solid wall between church and state, and at other times takes an accommodationist position, siding with an individual’s right to exercise their religious beliefs. Religious liberty under the First Amendment should not be limited to private individuals, but extended to corporations, and only when its application does not interfere with legitimate governmental interests. History shows that the Court has repeatedly found that constitutional rights extend to corporations. This controversial approach was recently seen in the Supreme Court case Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014). Today, the Court continues to address this issue. It is often said that there are two thing one should never discuss in public – politics or religion. The framers of the Constitution had to address politics, but initially steered clear of religion. There is only one reference to religion found in the Constitution. Article VI states that officials must take an oath to â€Å"support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.† However, Anti-Federalists were concerned about religiousShow MoreRelatedThe First Amendment Of The United States1647 Words   |  7 PagesFirst Amendment: Where It Originated and How to Protect It On September 17, 1787, the United States Constitution was signed by delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, who were directed by George Washington. The 1787 convention was called to draft a new legal system for the United States now that the states were free and colonized. 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An examination of this area shows us why there are protected and unprotected areas of speech: speeches and actions that have been debated throughout our nation’s history and why they are important and have such an impact on our individual lives and social activities today. The adoption of the First Amendment drafted by James Madison,Read MoreThe First Amendment Of The United States Constitution1534 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sound familiar? Well it should. That quote was a section of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Those lines are one of the many things that set America apart from other countries around the world. It has protected us for centuries from â€Å"unreasonable searches and seizures†¦Ã¢â‚¬  made by anyone, including the government. 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In order to prevent an oppressive centralized government, James Madison, America’s fourth president, decided to lay the foundation of civil liberties in ten amendments. The First Amendment allows citizens the freedom of religion

Risk Management And Homeland Security - 1309 Words

Risk Management and Homeland Security The nation’s homeland security is a very multifaceted environment which must be controlled to effective function at its highest potential. â€Å"The safety, security, and resilience of the Nation are threatened by an array of hazards, including acts of terrorism, manmade accidents, and natural disasters† (DHS., 2011). All together, homeland security agencies must manage risks at all levels connected with an array of components. Collectively, these external and internal risks have the potential to cause severe consequences like; fatalities, negative psychosocial impact, environmental poverty, and the government ability to control the country. Within this text, risk management within the homeland security†¦show more content†¦It is a responsibility shared by federal, state, local, tribe, and territorial governments, private sectors, and the people of the nation to widen their spectrum and identify the many threats facing homeland security in regards to resourc e compromises and potential critical infrastructure threats. Risk Management and Homeland Security Enterprise Measuring homeland security risks is a demanding undertaking. This is directed to the nature of the risks and how each agency in the department handles the risks. Risk management is vital for homeland security leaders to highlight the contesting requirements and allow wide spread methods to measure performance and note progress. According to, (National Research Council, 2010), â€Å"The Secretary of Homeland Security has established the requirement for DHS to build and promote an integrated approach to homeland security risk management, working with partners across the homeland security enterprise.† Their responsibility in integrating risk management into a set of approaches is to develop safety, protection, and resilience throughout the country in attempts to counteract any risks or acts of terrorism. DHS was created for the people, and to protect and control the borders, enforce and manage immigration laws, assist in natural disasters, and provide support to the nationâ⠂¬â„¢s economic security. 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There are risks involved in the mundane of driving down the road or walking on a sidewalk. Certain factors are added which increases the risk of conducting these mundane tasks. For example, driving at a high rate of speed during a rain storm exponentiallyRead MoreThe Role Of Risk Management On The Homeland Security Enterprise1361 Words   |  6 Pagesattacks against the United States, a series of risk management evaluations were created by the US Federal Government to assess the future risks the homeland was going to face. When the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was officially created in 2002, more effective risk management assessments were re-designed to evaluate the past and present dangers, prevent them and respond successfully to more terrorist attacks. Since 2001 until 2007, a development of risk assessment has been divided in phases toRead MoreRole Of Risk Management Within The Homeland Security Enterprise1271 Words   |  6 Pagesability of the Department of Homeland Security to effectively manage risk is vital to national security. Risk in general, is something that is permanent but because this is known, strategies can be used to mitigate situations as they present themselves. Government managers must manage risk in a complex environment taking into consideration the diverse missions and multiple objectives of public agencies (Hardy, 2014). The role of risk management within the homeland security enterprise was managed byRead MoreWhat Role Does Risk Management Play Within The Homeland Security Enterprise?1186 Words   |  5 PagesWhat role does risk management play within the homeland security enterprise? To answer that question we first have to examine what risk management is. 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Napoleon And The Enlightenment - 1214 Words

Napoleon And The Enlightenment The enlightenment was a time of great learning throughout Europe during the eighteenth century. Although the period is significant for scientific and other scholastic advancements, it is most important because it allowed for the opening of great minds--such as that of Napoleon Bonaparte. Shortly after this enlightenment made its way through Europe, revolution and civil war ripped through France between 1879 and 1899. The unrest of the time called for a strong ruler. A man/woman with an open mind and an enlightened soul. France needed a child of the enlightenment to sew its tattered flag. Napoleon Bonaparte was a child of the enlightenment. This was displayed in both his attitudes and policies as a result of†¦show more content†¦For a child of the enlightenment, the codification of laws is definitely a requirement. But Napoleon did not only make law codes, he made law codes that surpassed the fame and glory of Roman law codes. 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The Enlightenment allowed people to think more critically and even was the time in which the â€Å"Experimental Method† was consolidated by Galile o Galilei (1564-1642, Buckler, J., Crowston, p.592 para. 6). ItRead More Napoleon Was NOT a Son of the Revolution Essay example770 Words   |  4 PagesReign of Terror. France had dissolved into anarchy, with internal and international turmoil. It was out of the foreign wars that Napoleon came to power. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power, victory by victory, eventually making himself Emperor of France, creating a strong central government while continuing the foreign wars, creating a mass French Empire. Although Napoleon was a product of the French Revolution and maintained the image as a â€Å"son of the Revolution,† idealism always fell to pragmatismRead MoreWas the French Revolution Successful? Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesthe biggest steps towards modernity throughout history. 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Napoleon used his absolute authority to align France with his his visionRead MoreThe Great Minds Of The Enlightenment Era1042 Words   |  5 Pages Atifete Jahjaga, the fourth President of Kosovo states, â€Å"When there is information, there is enlightenment. When there is debate, there are solutions. When there is no sharing of power, no rule of law, no accountability, there is abuse, corruption, subjugation and indignation.† At the beginning of the Enlightenment the free market of ideas was open, opinions were appreciated, but most of all, the basic human rights of all people were safe. That all changed at the beginning of the French RevolutionRead MoreFrance - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution)1156 Words   |  5 Pagesfired by rousing new Enlightenment ideals, began to question authority and emphasize the need for equality, liberty, and democracy. The social and political changes in France were best characterized by three different periods - the weak monarchy of King Louis XVI and the subsequent period of confusion after his removal from power, the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte and his downfall, and the new order brought about by the Congress of Vienna; central to these changes were Enlightenment influence, nationalismRead MoreRollercoaster of Arts and Architecture Brought About by Napolean Bonaparte1083 Words   |  5 Pagespart because of the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. Soon enough art would become a way for people, (even those without high-level education) to express themselves. The new styles of architecture and visual arts that Napoleon introduced in France sparked new eras of art like Romanticism that he used to make himself popular; it caused Napoleon to be noticed, not just because of his military conquests, but also because of his artistic vision and innovation. 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Learning Curve Assignment a and B free essay sample

These factors include the shorter term labor components along with longer term product and process modifications. 6. Some factors that might prohibit a supplier from realizing learning curve gains are high workforce turnover thereby causing the workforce to not demonstrate the anticipated rate of learning/or creating an inconsistent rate of learning. The supplier will be unable to realize labor efficiency that may be factored into the sales price of the unit produced. Another factor may be the inaccurate collection of cost and labor data during the early stages of production of a unit. Another factor may be not demonstrating any process changes which would realize continuous improvement. 7. A preferred supplier has been through a company’s evaluation process, thereby, receiving the first opportunity for new business. A preferred supplier has demonstrated its performance capabilities through previous purchase contracts and therefore receives preference during the supplier selection process. The advantage of maintaining a preferred supplier list is that purchasing personnel can quickly identify supplier with proven performance capabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Curve Assignment a and B or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8. A type of supply chain relationship that supports a buyer and seller working together to identify possible learning curve benefit would be a collaborative relationship, in this type of supply chain relationship you will also realize productivity improvements. Assignment: Learning Curve It is appropriate/the conditions we can use learning curves to estimate prices are when a supplier uses a new production process or produces an item for the first time. The use of learning curve is also appropriate when a suppler produces a technically complex item for the first time or when an item has direct labor content. 3. Why can we use rough estimates when applying learning curves? We can use rough estimates when applying learning curves as quite often we might only have an estimate of data required for a product or service. This data will still give us an accurate estimation of the learning curve as when production doubles, direct labor requirements will decline by an observed and predictable rate. 4. Why does manual process experience greater learning curves than automated? Manual process experience greater learning curves than automated processes because the manual process involves the human factor, in which both cost and labor is taken into account, providing us with labor efficiency’s due to employee learning. . Are there factors besides learning that can help reduce cost as volume increase? Yes, a factor besides learning that can help reduce cost as volume increases is Value Analysis, this factor examines all elements of a component, assembly and end product or service to ensure it fulfills its intended function at the lowest total cost. Another factor is Value Engineering, which is the application of value principals during production or service design.

Imperialism Essay Thesis Example For Students

Imperialism Essay Thesis The word imperialism is now so loosely used that it has almost lost real meaning. It may be useful to offer a definition that might be widely accepted: the policy of extending a nations authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations. That definition seems to apply equally well to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and to the European performance in the late nineteenth century. But there were new elements in the latter case. Previous imperialisms had taken the form either of seizing land and setting it with the conquerors people or of establishing trading centers to exploit the resources of the dominated area. The New Imperialism did not completely abandon these devices, but it also introduced new ones. We will write a custom essay on Imperialism Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The usual pattern of the New Imperialism was for a European nation to invest capital in a backward country, to develop its mines and agriculture, to build railroads, bridges, harbors, and telegraph systems, and to employ great numbers of natives in the process. They thereby transformed the local economy and culture. To safeguard its investments, the dominant European State would make favorable arrangements with the local government either by loaning the rulers money or intimidating them. If these arrangements proved inadequate, the dominant power would establish more direct political control. Sometimes this meant full annexation and direct rule as a colony, or it could be a protectorate status, whereby the local ruler became a figurehead controlled by the dominant European State and maintained by its military power. In other instances, the European state established spheres of influence in which it received special commercial and legal privileges without direct political involvement. The predominant interpretation of the motives for the New Imperialism has been economic, in the form given by the English radical economist J.A. Hobson (1858-1928) and later adapted by Lenin. As Lenin put it, Imperialism is the monopoly state of capitalism, the last stage of the dying system. Competition inevitably eliminates inefficient capitalists and, therefor, leads to monopoly. Powerful industrial and financial capitalists soon run out of profitable areas of investment in their own countries and persuade their governments to gain colonies in backward countries. Here they can find higher profits from their investments, new markets for their products, and safe sources of raw materials. Facts do not support this viewpoint, however. The European powers did investment considerable capital abroad, but not in a way that fit the model of Hobson and Lenin. Britain, for example, made heavier investments abroad before 1875 than during the next two decades. Only a small percentage of British and European investments overseas, moreover, went to their new colonies. Most capital went into other European countries or to older, well-established areas like the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Even when investments were made in new areas, they were not necessarily put into colonies held by the investing country. The facts are equally discouraging for those who emphasize the need for markets and raw materials. Colonies were not usually important markets for the great imperial nations, and all these states were forced to rely on areas that they did not control as sources of vital raw materials. It is not even clear that control of the new colonies was particularly profitable, though Britain, to be sure, benefited greatly from its rule of India. It is also true that some European businessmen and politicians hoped that colonial expansion would sure the great depression of 1873-1896. Nevertheless, as one of the leading students of the subjects has said, No one can determine whether the accounts of empire ultimately closed with a favorable cash balance. That is true of the European imperial nations collectively, but it is certain that for some of them, like Italy and Germany, empire was losing propositions. Some individuals and companies, of course, made great profits from particular colonial ventures, but such people were able to influence national policy only occasionally. Economic motives certainly played a part, but a fully understanding of the New Imperialism requires a search for other motives. .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e , .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .postImageUrl , .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e , .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e:hover , .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e:visited , .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e:active { border:0!important; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e:active , .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2f174bb8aadf239d78f9a8b5fea597e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragic Heros and Things Fall Apart EssayAdvocates of imperialism gave various justifications for it. Some argued that the advanced European nations had a duty to bring the benefits of their higher culture and superior civilization to more backward peoples. Religious groups demanded western governments furnish political and even military support for Christian missionaries. Some politicians and diplomats supported imperialism as a tool of social policy. In Germany, for instance, some people suggested that imperial expansion would deflect public interest away from domestic politics and social reform. Yet Germany acquired few colonies, and such considerations played little if any role in its colonial policy. In Britain, Joseph Chamberlain (1836-1914), the colonial secretary from 1895 to 1903, argued for the empire as a source of profit and economic security that would finance a great program of domestic reform and welfare. These arguments were not important as motives for British imperial expansion because they were made well after Britain had acquired most of its empire. Another common and apparently plausible justification for imperialism was the colonies would attract a European countrys surplus population. In fact, most European emigrants went to areas not controlled by their countries, chiefly to North and South America and Australia. Bibliography:none included